Middle Belt Dialogue
Suite 21, Silla Zeka Plaza, Adebayo
Adedeji Crescent, Utako, Abuja
Email: info@middlebeltdialogue.com
An Open Letter to President Goodluck Jonathan
Your Excellency,
Please Rethink that Journey to Nowhere with
Boko Haram
You are reported to have set up an inter
ministerial committee to work out modalities for granting "amnesty'"
to Boko Haram. Several groups and prominent individuals, such as the Sultan
of Sokoto, wife of the former President, Hajia Turai Umaru Musa Yar Ádua,
some state governors and Islamic ideologues have rallied round the clamor for
same and for the first time since, you, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan became President,
certain sections and elements in the country are applauding the Federal
Government for "'good thinking"
The amnesty granted to restive youths of the Niger
Delta is often cited as a good example of settling youth restiveness and has
often been relied upon as justification for the call for amnesty to Boko
Haram.While we allow the experts in government to analyse the correctness or
otherwise of this it should not be difficult to see that the comparison between
a political/economic based agitation (as was the Niger Delta issue) and a
religious/political ideological- based struggle (as is the case with the Boko
Haram) is either mischievous or just cheap blackmail.
THE VICTIMS
In the last three years, besides the isolated
bombings in Abuja, the Boko Haram have bombed over 200 churches and killed over
1,250 Christians worshipping in their churches, burnt and destroyed whole
villages, targeted specific communities/individuals and have made good every
threat they published at inception, to wit the elimination of all Christians
from Northern Nigeria and the total Islamisation of the North by imposition of strict
sharia rule. It is necessary to state that the real targets and casualties of
the genocide have been the indigenous Northern Christian communities of the
North ordinarily referred to as the Middle Belt and of course other Nigerians
who by reason of vocation or trade reside in the North. Igbo traders and
travelers, and Christians from the southern part of Nigeria who live in the
north have also been targeted, the latest being the bombing of commercial buses
in Kano.(See attached list of attacks against Christians in Nigeria)
The Boko Haram, even as the champions of this
amnesty are on the campaign trail, have in the last seven days attacked and
destroyed Middle Belt communities in Southern Kaduna state, Adamawa state
(where the village of the Deputy Governor and the house of the deputy Governor,
a Christian was targeted and destroyed), Riyom in Plateau State, parts of
Taraba, Nasarawa and Benue states. Indeed, statistics released by
International agencies show that more Christians were killed in Nigeria in the
year 2012 for their faith than the rest of the world combined.
It may be noted that the Boko Haram attacks spiked
after the April11, 2011 elections. We are aware that since then the President
has gone out of his way, to the detriment of the victims of the attack to give
political patronage to the Hausa Fulani Muslim politicians, who argued loudly
that one of them should have replaced President Umaru Musa Yar Adua. The
amnesty programme, is therefore, just another way of placating or conceding to the
Hausa and Fulani Muslim interest. Amnesty in this case, is another way of
rewarding Boko Haram for killing Christians and destroying churches.
The arguments for amnesty to the Boko Haram, as far
as the Middle Belt Dialogue is concerned are neither patriotic, conciliatory
nor logical. They are self serving, dangerous and potentially greatest threat
to the security of the nation and will obviously open the country to
international disrepute. We do not believe that Boko Haram and its associates
are prepared for genuine peace where the right to worship and life of other
Nigerians would be respected. The proponents of the amnesty programme have
never sympathized with the victims. Rather they issue provocative statements
justifying the ethnic and religious cleansing that Boko Haram has been engaged
in, and condemning the security forces contending with the lawless and bloody
group that Boko Haram is.
Furthermore, in some instances where
Christians have attempted to rebuild their bombed churches, civil and traditional
institutions have stopped them. In any case, in places such as Kano, Christians
have been denied land to build churches, and even when land is sold to them,
the buyers are warned not to use such plots for brothels, beer parlours and
churches. Indigenous Christians in Kano and Katsina states for instance are
denied rights and privileges extended to Muslims. At the Bayero University Kano
authorities have denied Christians land to build churches; only recently the
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria refused to allow the Catholic Church land to
build a chapel. About two years ago Boko Haram asked Christians and southerners
to get out of northern Nigeria; earlier it categorically stated that its
objective is to islamise Nigeria and impose sharia.
It is therefore clear to us that the politicians
and traditional institutions of Northern Nigeria who are refusing to allow
Christians worship freely by denying them land to build churches, political
appointments, employment in the state civil service and denying children of
Christians access to public schools in states such as Bauchi, Kano, Katsina,
Borno and Yobe have the same mission as the Boko Haram. The only difference is
that Boko Haram is using crude violence to achieve what politicians and
traditional institutions are using other means to achieve.
Secondly we believe that the proposed Amnesty
ignores the well known links of Boko Haram to the Al Queda and may open up the
country to greater security risks. Which of the Boko Haram member is local and
which one has international links?
Thirdly, comparing Boko Haram to the Niger Delta
militancy is mischievous and disingenuous. The Niger Delta militancy was about
resources and not faith. No mosques were targeted and Muslims were not targeted
and attacked. The fact that killings are still going on in the Niger
Delta today make the amnesty not such a creditable solution, anyway.
Proponents of amnesty to Boko Haram also argue that
poverty is at the root of the insurgency. If this were the case, the whole of
the country would have been up in flames with Christian youths killing Muslims
and burning Mosques as poverty, excruciating poverty, and employment among
youths is a nationwide phenomenon.
In any case, existing data show that no state of
the country is immune from poverty- and as a matter of fact, Middle Belt states
such as Benue, Nassarawa, Taraba and Plateau have had a steeper drop into
poverty, resulting in bigger trauma.
The argument about lack of education or collapse of
educational infrastructure is hollow. Bomb making (mixing of chemicals, joining
of electrical wires and connecting to wireless devices such as a remote
controls) is not a vocation for illiterates – and poor people. We do know that
expensive cars, jeeps and pickup trucks are used by Boko Haram activists; AK 47
and the new AK 49 riffles that are used by Boko Haram don't come cheap. How can
poor youths afford such? These are provided by local or foreign supporters and
sponsors who need to show their faces for any meaningful discussion leading to
amnesty can commence.
The inescapable conclusion is that Boko Haram is a
political tool used by the Hausa and Fulani Muslim political elites in their
unhidden quest to dominate Nigerian political space – which is why, the elites
lied to their people that they are the majority in population, and deserve the
right to dominate Nigeria.
The 1952 population census and the 1963 census,
however, conclusively prove that they are not in the majority. As a matter of
fact, Muslims in Nigeria then constituted 47% of Nigerian population. While the
Hausa and Fulani constituted 48% of the population of the Northern region, the
minority ethnic groups in the Northern region constituted 48%. of the
population of the Northern Region.
Hausa-Fulani Muslim traditional rulers, politicians
and preachers incite their young people against other Nigerians with the
falsehood that they are the majority who should be ruling Nigeria. In
several video and audio messages, they incite their young people against
Nigerians who do not belong to their tribe or religion. These leaders of the
Hausa and Fulani laid the foundation for the actions and activities of Boko
Haram.
This is why even PDP Governors and party officials
did not campaign for or vote for President Goodluck Jonathan in the 2011
election. Some PDP Governors, even printed posters with the CPC Presidential
candidates picture super imposed. Several top PDP officials, several serving
Ministers then and now and PDP Governors voted against President Jonathan in
2011.
The way Forward
The solution to the insurgency of the Boko Haram,
therefore, is for these leaders to go back to re –educate their followers that
Nigeria belongs to all Nigerians irrespective of tribe or religion, that in
Nigeria, there is no state religion and all religions have equal rights.
Failure or refusal to do this re education openly will strengthen groups such
as Boko Haram and weaken Nigeria. How many of these leaders have openly
countered Boko Haram's order for southerners and Christians to leave the North?
Without this, no amount of money thrown at Boko
Haram will change the situation – and as a matter of fact, the money thrown at
them will be used to fight other Nigerians. There is no guarantee that they
will not use the money thrown at them to buy more bombs and guns.
Furthermore, it is imperative that Your Excellency
stop your wrongheaded Almajiri education programme which excludes Nigerians of
other faith, and leaves these youngsters at the mercy of Mallams who tell them
to ignore the right to life of other Nigerians. Rather than create the Almajiri
education which is exclusive to Muslims and therefore illegal and
unconstitutional, government should have expanded educational space in existing
public schools to allow for children of all persuasions to be educated
together. As long as the Hausa and Fulani are treated as a special class above
all other Nigerians, so long too, will they violently seek to impose their
faith, way of life and political domination on other Nigerians?
Our Position
We believe that the Amnesty programme is an ill
wind that blows no good. However, we are not unmindful of the blackmail and
undue pressure that has been exerted on Mr President to embark upon this
journey to nowhere
We would like to call the attention of President
Goodluck Jonathan to the following:
1
As evidenced from the post -2011 election violence orchestrated by the Hausa
Fulani political elites in both the PDP and CPC and their supporters after one
of their own lost the Presidential election; our people in the Middle Belt paid
the supreme price for supporting Goodluck Jonathan in 2011 to become President
and the glaring records show that Boko Haram was commissioned to kill, destroy
and eliminate all the non Muslim communities in Northern Nigeria. This was
carefully planned and executed as hired and well armed bands of attackers went
on rampage killing any known or perceived Christian in the North, towns and
villages where the President won the election were carefully selected and
destroyed.
Without addressing the wickedness of all this
destruction Government ignored our people and till date no one has been
compensated or resettled; in contrast, Government appeased the attackers or
their sponsors with choice appointments and contracts.
We would like the President to answer the following
questions
1 WHAT IS
GOVERNMENT'S POSITION ON THE VICTIMS OF THE BOKO HARAM (Northern Christian
Communities)?
2 WHAT IS
BOKO HARAM'S POSITION VIS-A-VIS THE GROUP'S MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF RELIGIOUS
CLEANSING OF THE NORTH?
3 WHO IS
ON THE NEGOTIATING TABLE ON BEHALF OF/REPRESENTING THE NORTHERN CHRISTIAN
COMMUNITIES? (Or are we going to be ignored again as in the Lemu Panel of
Inquiry into the post election crisis)?
4 How
about southerners living in the north. Who is representing them in the amnesty
discussion?
Assuming the Federal Government bows to this
blackmail of amnesty, we would urge Government to seek firm undertaking from Boko
Haram on the following:
·
The
leadership of the violent group(s) must come out of the closet. It is untenable
to carry on negotiation by proxy. Only those that are in a position to make
decisions on behalf of the group(s) should be negotiated with. It is,
certainly, bad form to negotiate with persons who would need to seek approval
elsewhere for agreements reached;
·
All
factions of the group must be involved in the negotiations.
·
A
precondition for negotiation is renunciation by Boko Haram and any other
such group of violence. Government must not be seen to be negotiating out of
fear;
·
Boko
Haram and such
groups to be negotiated with must undertake to submit to the Federal Government
a register of all their members. It is on the basis of real persons, not
unidentifiable groups, that amnesty can be granted;
·
Boko Haram
and such
groups must surrender to the Federal Government all arms and ammunition in
their possession;
·
Boko
Haram and such
groups to be negotiated with must disclose their source(s) of finance and
arming to the Federal Government on a confidential basis;
·
All
members of the group(s) to be granted amnesty must sign an undertaking to never
again to revert to violence;
·
Boko
Haram and
other such groups must undertake to repay the assessed cost of damages wreaked
on private property and places of worship; and ,
·
Boko
Haram and other
such groups must offer unconditional apology to Nigerians for the damage
that has been done to their psyche through their activities.
·
All
Churches and houses destroyed must be rebuilt and displaced communities
resettled/compensated.
The Boko Haram crisis affects more than government.
No negotiation by government with the terrorists will suffice. The Middle Belt
people, and Christians living in the north who are the primary victims and
targets of the terror have to be part of the negotiation as the Nigerian state
CAN NOT and DOES not have the authority to determine for people how and where
they can worship. Every form of compensation or payment, educational programmes
that is granted to the terrorist group and its members must also be made to the
victims.
Emmanuel Alamu
For: Secretariat
April 13, 2013
Date
|
Country
|
City/State
|
Killed
|
Injured
|
Description
|
|||||||||
12/28/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Musari
|
15
|
0
|
Islamists
tie up fifteen women and children inside a church, then slit their throats
while shouting praises to Allah.
|
|||||||||
12/26/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bachit
|
5
|
0
|
Suspected
Fulani murder three villagers, including a married couple, in attacks on two
Christian homes.
|
|||||||||
12/25/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Peri
|
6
|
4
|
A
pastor and five worshippers are slaughtered in a Religion of Peace attack on
a Christmas morning church service.
|
|||||||||
12/25/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Rim
|
1
|
0
|
A
Christian is killed in his home by Fulani gunmen in front of his family.
|
|||||||||
12/24/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
6
|
0
|
Six
people are killed in a Christmas Eve church attack by Religion of Peace
gunmen.
|
|||||||||
12/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Yankaba
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christian teenagers are executed by gunmen on a motorcycle yelling, 'Allah
akbar'.
|
|||||||||
12/2/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Chibok
|
10
|
0
|
Religion
of Peace proponents invade a Christian village in the middle of the night and
massacre ten residents.
|
|||||||||
12/1/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Gamboru
Ngala
|
2
|
0
|
Two
guards die when Muslims shouting 'Allah Akbar' burn churches.
|
|||||||||
11/25/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Jaji
|
15
|
30
|
Two
suicide bombers massacre fifteen worshippers at a Protestant church.
|
|||||||||
11/22/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bichi
|
4
|
2
|
Angry
Muslims riot, burn churches and kills four Christians over a rumor of
blasphemy concerning a t-shirt.
|
|||||||||
11/18/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
An
70-year-old retired Protestant pastor is executed in cold blood by Islamic
extremists.
|
|||||||||
11/16/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Christian traders are shot to death by Boko Haram.
|
|||||||||
11/15/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Madauchi-Zonkwa
|
5
|
0
|
Muslim
radicals are suspected in the slaughter and burning of a Christian family in
their home.
|
|||||||||
11/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Gaidam
|
5
|
0
|
Five
Christian iron welders are slaughtered in their own home by Boko Haram
gunmen.
|
|||||||||
10/28/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
7
|
100
|
Seven
worshippers are murdered when a suicide car bomber plows into a Catholic
church during mass.
|
|||||||||
10/21/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Atagara
|
2
|
0
|
Two
people are killed when Islamic radicals torch a church.
|
|||||||||
10/14/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Yogbo
|
30
|
0
|
Thirty
people are left dead when Muslims resolve a "land dispute" by
massacring thirty Christian villagers, mostly women and children.
|
|||||||||
10/14/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
3
|
0
|
A
family of three is cut down outside their church by Islamist gunmen.
|
|||||||||
10/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Riyom
|
14
|
5
|
Three
children and their mother are among over a dozen Christians are slaughtered
during a Muslim raid on their village.
|
|||||||||
10/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Dallyam
|
4
|
4
|
Muslim
terrorists shoot four members of a Christian family at close range.
|
|||||||||
10/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin
Ladi
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christians are machine-gunned while sitting in their car.
|
|||||||||
10/2/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Mubi
|
26
|
15
|
At
least twenty-six Christian students are singled out and executed by Islamists
at their campus. Some are shot, others have their throats cut.
|
|||||||||
9/23/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
2
|
48
|
A woman
and a child at a church service are murdered by a Shahid suicide car bomber.
|
|||||||||
8/13/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Gombe
|
1
|
1
|
A guard
is killed during a Religion of Peace assault on a Catholic church.
|
|||||||||
8/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kombul
|
4
|
3
|
Four
Christians are cut down in their homes by a Muslim raid on their village.
|
|||||||||
8/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
0
|
1
|
Muslim's
yell 'Allah Akbar' as they set fire to a church and shoot at a pastor and his
family.
|
|||||||||
8/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A
church pastor is shot to death in his home by two Islamists.
|
|||||||||
8/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Okene
|
20
|
9
|
Sharia
proponents enter a church and open up on members with machine-guns,
slaughtering at least nineteen, including the pastor.
|
|||||||||
7/29/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christians are gunned down outside their homes by Boko Haram Islamists.
|
|||||||||
7/8/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin-Ladi
|
23
|
1
|
Two
politicians are among twenty-three Christians, including women and children,
slaughtered by Muslims during a funeral for other victims of Islamic terror.
|
|||||||||
7/7/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kushen
|
80
|
300
|
Muslim
terrorists attack twelve Christian villages and massacre eighty innocents,
including fifty taking refuge in a church.
|
|||||||||
7/1/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
9
|
0
|
Nine
Christian construction workers have their throats cut by Islamists in a
'gruesome' killing.
|
|||||||||
6/17/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Zaria
|
34
|
125
|
Holy
Warriors walk into two church services and detonate, leaving over thirty
worshipers dead in the carnage, including at least ten children.
|
|||||||||
6/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Biu
|
2
|
12
|
A woman
and an usher are among two Christians machine-gunned by Islamists during a
church service.
|
|||||||||
6/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
4
|
40
|
A
Shahid suicide bomber detonates inside a church during Sunday morning
service, killing at least four.
|
|||||||||
6/3/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
21
|
45
|
A Holy
Warrior runs his car into a church service and detonates, taking out over
twenty praying Christians. The responsible group later thanks Allah for the
victory.
|
|||||||||
5/21/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Benue
|
5
|
3
|
Five
people in a Christian village are murdered by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
5/19/2012
|
Nigeria
|
On-Mbaagbu
|
12
|
5
|
Muslim
'mercenaries' storm two Christian villages and slaughter seven people,
including a 2-year-old boy butchered with a knife.
|
|||||||||
5/14/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Adamawa
|
15
|
48
|
Fifteen
Christian villagers are massacred by twenty Fulani raiders.
|
|||||||||
5/9/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Rim
|
1
|
2
|
A
Christian villager is killed by Muslim attackers.
|
|||||||||
5/9/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Tahoss
|
7
|
1
|
Muslim
activists set fire to Christian homes and then shoot those trying to flee,
killing at least seven, including two children.
|
|||||||||
5/1/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Riyom
|
6
|
6
|
Muslims
raid a Christian village, setting fire to homes and shooting those who fled.
|
|||||||||
4/29/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
5
|
6
|
The
pastor is among five Christians shot to death by Boko Haram Islamists inside
their church.
|
|||||||||
4/29/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
16
|
22
|
Sixteen
Christians, including professors and doctors, are massacred by Islamists, who
bomb their church service and then shoot them in the back as they try to
flee.
|
|||||||||
4/25/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Riyom
|
5
|
5
|
Four
women and a 4-year-old child are among members of a Christian village hacked
to death by Fulani raiders.
|
|||||||||
4/9/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Dikwa
|
3
|
0
|
A
civilian and guard at a church are among three people shot to death by Boko
Haram.
|
|||||||||
4/8/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
41
|
33
|
A
suicide car bomber detonates outside a church celebrating Easter. Nearly
forty people lose their lives in the carnage.
|
|||||||||
4/4/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
9
|
0
|
Islamic
radicals fire on Christian traders at a market, killing nine.
|
|||||||||
4/1/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A
Christian is shot to death by Islamists on his way home from church.
|
|||||||||
3/26/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Takum
|
2
|
2
|
Muslim
'mercenaries' attack two Christian villages and shoot a 22-year-old and an
elderly man to death.
|
|||||||||
3/18/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Suleja
|
0
|
5
|
A
church is firebombed during a service.
|
|||||||||
3/15/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Nayi
|
10
|
4
|
A
pastor is among ten people hacked and shot to death when armed Muslims raid
Christian homes around a church.
|
|||||||||
3/12/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bum
|
2
|
3
|
Fulani
raiders slaughter two Christian villagers.
|
|||||||||
3/11/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
11
|
22
|
A
suicide bomber detonates at a Catholic church during mass, killing at least
eleven worshippers.
|
|||||||||
3/11/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Chugwi
|
3
|
3
|
Three
Christians are shot dead by Muslim gunmen in a targeted attack.
|
|||||||||
3/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Bilala
|
2
|
0
|
At
least two civilians are killed as Boko Haram devotees blow up a church and a
police station.
|
|||||||||
3/4/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Benue
|
21
|
13
|
Women
and children comprise the bulk of twenty-one members of a Christian farming
community slaughtered by Fulani 'mercenaries' wielding machetes and burning
homes.
|
|||||||||
2/26/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
4
|
38
|
A
suicide bomber detonates during a church service, killing four worshippers
including a woman and a father and 18-month-old child.
|
|||||||||
2/22/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
Islamists
slit the throat of a pastor's 75-year-old mother and leave a note in Arabic
for her son.
|
|||||||||
2/19/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Sulieja
|
0
|
5
|
Sharia
advocates set off a car bomb next to a church.
|
|||||||||
2/11/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Potiskum
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christian brothers are murdered in cold blood by Islamists in white robes.
|
|||||||||
1/30/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Potiskum
|
1
|
0
|
A guard
at a church is picked off by Islamist snipers.
|
|||||||||
1/22/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Tafawa
Balewa
|
9
|
12
|
Militant
Muslims hurl grenades into Christian homes, killing some as they slept and
then shooting others as they tried to escape.
|
|||||||||
1/11/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Potiskum
|
6
|
0
|
Six
Christians, including a woman and a baby, are machine-gunned by Boko Haram
while on a bus at a gas station.
|
|||||||||
1/10/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Dalman
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Christians are shot and hacked to death in a sectarian attack at a farming
community.
|
|||||||||
1/9/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
2
|
0
|
Religion
of Peace activists shoot two Christians death in their own homes in separate
attacks.
|
|||||||||
1/7/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christian university students are murdered by Religion of Peace gunmen.
|
|||||||||
1/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Adamawa
|
12
|
4
|
Islamists
chanting 'Allah Akbar' barge into a church and massacre a dozen worshippers.
|
|||||||||
1/6/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Mubi
|
20
|
15
|
Twenty
Christians gathered for a funeral are machine-gunned at close range by
Muslims shouting 'Allah Akbar'.
|
|||||||||
1/5/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Mubi
|
4
|
0
|
Four
Christians are gunned down by Boko Haram.
|
|||||||||
1/5/2012
|
Nigeria
|
Gombe
|
9
|
10
|
Muslim
gunmen spray a church congregation with machine-gun fire, killing nine,
including the pastor's wife and several children.
|
|||||||||
12/25/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
1
|
0
|
Muslim
militants fire on a protestant church, killing a guard.
|
|||||||||
12/25/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Madalla
|
45
|
73
|
Religion
of Peace bombers strike a Catholic church during a morning Christmas mass,
slaughtering forty-five worshippers.
|
|||||||||
12/24/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
11
|
0
|
A
pastor and his young daughter are incinerated when Islamists fire bomb three
churches.
|
|||||||||
12/19/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Ungwan
Rami
|
5
|
6
|
Five
Christian villagers are hacked and shot to death by Muslim raiders. The
victims include a mother and her baby.
|
|||||||||
12/11/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kagoro
|
1
|
2
|
Fulani
extremists gun down a Christian mother.
|
|||||||||
12/11/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Gombe
|
1
|
0
|
Muslim
gunmen murder a Christian as he is putting gas in his car.
|
|||||||||
12/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
1
|
11
|
A young
fan is killed when Islamic bombers target several Christian areas, including
an outdoor viewing of a televised soccer match.
|
|||||||||
12/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kukum
Gida
|
1
|
2
|
Muslim
gunmen ambush Christian villagers in the middle of the night, murdering a
50-year-old woman.
|
|||||||||
11/26/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Geidam
|
4
|
20
|
Islamic
radicals descend on a small town, burn eight churches and murder four
defenders.
|
|||||||||
11/24/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin
Ladi
|
18
|
1
|
A
Christian family of sixteen, including children, is burned alive by Fulanis.
|
|||||||||
11/24/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kwok
|
26
|
0
|
Twenty-six
Christian villagers are shot and hacked to death by Fulani herdsmen screaming
'Allah Akbar'.
|
|||||||||
11/23/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Yobe
|
2
|
0
|
Militants
kidnap and kill two children to punish their father for being 'disloyal to
Islam' by converting to Christianity.
|
|||||||||
11/23/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Sabon
Layi
|
4
|
0
|
A Bible
teacher is among four worshipers slaughtered at a church by Muslim radicals.
|
|||||||||
11/21/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin
Ladi
|
1
|
0
|
Islamic
extremists behead a young Christian.
|
|||||||||
11/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Razat
|
3
|
1
|
Muslims
hack three young Christians to death at an illegal roadblock.
|
|||||||||
11/17/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Gargari
|
4
|
6
|
Three
young girls are among four Christians murdered by Muslim extremists in their
own homes.
|
|||||||||
11/4/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Potiskum
|
150
|
200
|
Two-hundred
militants shout 'Allah Akbar' as they slaughter one-hundred and fifty in a
bombing and shooting rampage that targeted six churches and a police station.
At least one-hundred and thirty of their victims were Christian.
|
|||||||||
11/4/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Zonkwa
|
1
|
1
|
Nigerian
Islamists shoot another Christian to death in a village raid.
|
|||||||||
11/3/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
2
|
14
|
Mujahideen
gunmen attack a church, shooting two female worshippers to death.
|
|||||||||
10/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
0
|
1
|
A
Christian boy is shot at a soccer match by armed Muslims.
|
|||||||||
10/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Yelwa
|
1
|
0
|
Three
Muslim soldiers break into a home and shoot a Christian mother of five to
death.
|
|||||||||
10/4/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Tanjol
|
1
|
1
|
Muslim
militants gun down two Christian villagers.
|
|||||||||
9/22/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Madala
|
5
|
0
|
Five
Christian traders are executed by Boko Haram gunmen when they are unable to
recite Quran verses as ordered.
|
|||||||||
9/18/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bitaro
|
3
|
8
|
Muslim
activists raid a village, pull members of a Christian family from their home
and then hack and shoot them to death. The victims included children.
|
|||||||||
9/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Vwang
Fwil
|
14
|
6
|
Fourteen
Christian villagers from the same family, including a woman in labor, are
hacked to death during a midnight Muslim raid.
|
|||||||||
9/9/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kunsen
Gashish
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Protestant farmers are hacked to death by machete-wielding Muslims.
|
|||||||||
9/9/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin
Ladi
|
9
|
0
|
A
Christian father and his seven young children are among nine shot to death in
a Fulani raid on their home.
|
|||||||||
9/8/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Tsohon
Foron
|
10
|
0
|
Muslim
extremists murder a family of ten Christians.
|
|||||||||
9/6/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kuru
|
14
|
13
|
Fourteen
residents of a Christian village are hacked and shot to death in an orgy of
Islamic violence that lasts an hour.
|
|||||||||
9/6/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Zakaleo
|
4
|
0
|
Four
Christians are burned alive when militant Muslims set fire to their house.
|
|||||||||
9/5/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Dabwak
|
4
|
0
|
An
elderly Christian couple and their two grandchildren are shot to death in
their home by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
9/5/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Tatu
|
8
|
0
|
A
Christian family of eight including the parents and six children are hacked
to death by Muslim militants in their home.
|
|||||||||
9/5/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Zakalio
|
7
|
0
|
Seven
Christian villagers are murdered by Muslim extremists.
|
|||||||||
8/29/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
2
|
1
|
A
pastor who preached religious tolerance is hacked to death by Islamic
extremists along with his son at their church.
|
|||||||||
8/27/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A
Protestant evangelist is assassinated in his own home by Religion of Peace
enthusiasts.
|
|||||||||
8/21/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bajju
|
2
|
3
|
Suspected
Muslim radicals shoot two Christians to death in their homes, including a
10-year-old boy.
|
|||||||||
8/21/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Riyom
|
6
|
0
|
Fulani
raiders attack a Christian village, hacking six to death, including women and
children.
|
|||||||||
8/15/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Heipang
|
9
|
1
|
Seven
children are among a Christian family of nine brutally murdered in their home
by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
8/11/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Ratsa
Foron
|
6
|
0
|
Six
Christians are hacked to death in the middle of the night by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
7/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Suleija
|
3
|
0
|
At
least two women are among three Christians killed by a Boko Haram bomb
detonated outside a church.
|
|||||||||
6/16/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Damboa
|
4
|
1
|
Four
children leaving a church are brutally taken out by a Boko Haram blast.
|
|||||||||
6/9/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
2
|
0
|
A
pastor at a Church of Christ and his secretary are brutally gunned down by
Religion of Peace loyalists.
|
|||||||||
6/7/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
2
|
14
|
Two
innocents bleed to death after Islamists detonate a bomb outside a church.
|
|||||||||
5/24/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
Islamists
murder a guard outside a Catholic church.
|
|||||||||
4/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
10
|
17
|
Women
are among a group of young Christians murdered by a Muslim mob.
|
|||||||||
4/19/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
321
|
575
|
Angry
Muslims go on a two-day bender, torching over forty churches and hacking and
burning over three hundred Christians to death.
|
|||||||||
4/8/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bogoro
|
10
|
0
|
Muslims
armed with machetes attack a Christian village and burn at least ten people
to death, including several who were elderly.
|
|||||||||
4/3/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Bogoro
|
2
|
1
|
A
Muslim mob, angered over rumor of a local Quran desecration storms a
Christian village and kills two people.
|
|||||||||
3/30/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
2
|
5
|
Fulani
raiders attack a college and murder two Christians.
|
|||||||||
3/21/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Baten
|
4
|
0
|
Two
women and two children are hacked and shot to death during a Muslim raid on a
Christian village.
|
|||||||||
3/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
2
|
0
|
Muslim
extremists kill two worshippers with bombs placed at several churches.
|
|||||||||
3/20/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
1
|
0
|
A
Christian boy is shot to death by Islamic radicals.
|
|||||||||
3/14/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Plateau
|
6
|
0
|
Five family
members are among six Christian villagers slaughtered by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
3/1/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A guard
at a church is gunned down in an Islamist drive-by.
|
|||||||||
2/28/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Dabwak
|
5
|
0
|
A
Christian mother and four of her children are slaughtered in their home by
Muslim militants..
|
|||||||||
2/22/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Borno
|
18
|
7
|
Eighteen
Christian villagers are massacred during a Muslim raid.
|
|||||||||
2/15/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
2
|
0
|
Two
people are killed when Boko Haram gunmen attack two churches.
|
|||||||||
2/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Alice
|
2
|
3
|
A
father is among two Christians shot to death by militant Muslims in their
homes.
|
|||||||||
2/10/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kuru
|
5
|
9
|
A
4-year-old is one of five Christian villagers hacked and shot to death by
Islamic raiders.
|
|||||||||
1/30/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Ayaruje
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Christian villagers are hacked to death by Muslims with machetes.
|
|||||||||
1/29/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
1
|
0
|
A
Muslim soldier deliberately shoots a 6-year-old Christian boy to death before
he is taken down by other soldiers.
|
|||||||||
1/28/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
3
|
0
|
Two
university students belonging to a local church are stabbed to death.
|
|||||||||
1/27/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Were
|
2
|
11
|
Islamic
radicals kill two people and burn down several Christian homes.
|
|||||||||
1/27/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Barkin
Ladi
|
14
|
8
|
Muslim
raiders invade four Christian villages and hack fourteen people to death in
their own homes.
|
|||||||||
1/23/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A guard
outside a church is murdered by Islamic gunmen.
|
|||||||||
1/23/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
8
|
5
|
A woman
and daughter are among six Christian villagers are hacked to death in the
middle of the night during two separate Muslim raids.
|
|||||||||
1/11/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Kuru
Station
|
19
|
3
|
Children
are among the victims when Muslims attack a Christian village, hacking
nineteen to death and burning their homes.
|
|||||||||
1/9/2011
|
Nigeria
|
Borno
|
1
|
2
|
A guard
at a church is shot to death in an Islamist drive-by.
|
|||||||||
12/24/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
86
|
74
|
At
least eighty-six people are killed in a series of Islamic bomb blasts and
attacks, mostly targeting Christmas Eve church services. The dead include
choir members hacked to death.
|
|||||||||
12/21/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Turu
|
3
|
2
|
Angry
Muslims armed with swords and machetes assault a group of local Christian
villagers, killing three.
|
|||||||||
12/3/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Nwachukwu
|
7
|
4
|
Christian
women and children are slaughtered in their homes by Muslim attackers in a midnight
raid.
|
|||||||||
11/25/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Kwata
Zawan
|
3
|
1
|
Muslim
radicals shoot three Christian villagers to death.
|
|||||||||
10/26/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Chewenkur
|
6
|
3
|
Four
teenagers and two women are hacked to death when Muslims armed with machetes
attack a Christian village.
|
|||||||||
7/17/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
10
|
14
|
Young
children are among ten Christians hacked to death in their homes by Muslims,
who also burn a church.
|
|||||||||
7/5/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Christian farmers are brutally slain in a 'mindless' attack by militant
Muslims.
|
|||||||||
7/4/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Ganawuri
|
3
|
0
|
Muslims
hack three Christians to death.
|
|||||||||
7/3/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Kizachi
|
7
|
5
|
A
school teacher and mother of six are among seven Christians brutally executed
in their homes by Muslim raiders.
|
|||||||||
5/23/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christians are hacked to death with machetes by passing Muslims.
|
|||||||||
4/24/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
5
|
0
|
Three
Christians stabbed to death and two others hacked to pieces with machetes by
a Muslim mob.
|
|||||||||
4/19/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Riyom
|
4
|
0
|
Four
Christian farmers are murdered in their field by Muslim terrorists.
|
|||||||||
4/15/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Boto
|
2
|
0
|
A
Christian pastor and his wife are abducted by Muslims and burned to a crisp.
|
|||||||||
4/8/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Dakyo
|
2
|
0
|
A
teenager is among two Christians stabbed to death by Muslim attackers.
|
|||||||||
4/5/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
3
|
12
|
Three
Christians are killed when their peaceful rally is attacked by militant
Muslims.
|
|||||||||
3/17/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Dyie
|
13
|
6
|
Thirteen
more Christian villagers are massacred by Muslim raiders in an overnight
attack, including a mother and two children burned to death. Victims also had
their tongues cut out.
|
|||||||||
3/7/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Dogo
Nahauwa
|
528
|
600
|
Over
five-hundred Christians, mostly women and children, are hacked to death by
Muslim raiders with machetes in a night-time attack on their village. The
killers yelled 'Allah Akbar,' as they chopped.
|
|||||||||
1/17/2010
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
48
|
96
|
Muslim
youth go on a rampage, hacking about 48 Christians to death after an attack
outside a church. The victims include two pastors.
|
|||||||||
7/28/2009
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
Islamists
pull a Christian man from his home and slit his throat.
|
|||||||||
7/28/2009
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
3
|
0
|
Three
Christian pastors are kidnapped by Boko Harem Islamists and then beheaded
after they refuse to accept Islam.
|
|||||||||
7/27/2009
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
1
|
0
|
A
Christian pastor and father of seven is hacked to death by radical Muslims,
who then burn down his church.
|
|||||||||
2/21/2009
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
11
|
38
|
A
Muslim mob goes on a rampage, burning churches and killing Christians.
|
|||||||||
11/28/2008
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
2
|
0
|
Two
Christians are macheted to death after a cleric inspires his followers to
'kill unbelievers."
|
|||||||||
11/28/2008
|
Nigeria
|
Jos
|
6
|
0
|
Six
Christian pastors are among hundreds killed when Muslim rioter stage a deadly
church-burning rampage.
|
|||||||||
10/13/2007
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
10
|
0
|
Ten
Christians are killed by a Muslim mob rampaging through a village. Three
churches are burned down as well.
|
|||||||||
10/13/2007
|
Nigeria
|
Gamji
Gate
|
2
|
0
|
Two
young Christians are murdered by Muslim radicals in separate attacks. One is
beaten to death and the other hacked with a sword.
|
|||||||||
9/29/2007
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
10
|
61
|
Ten
Christians, including a Catholic priest, are murdered over a two day period
by a Muslim mob, angered over a cartoon written by one of their own. Churches
are burned as well.
|
|||||||||
3/21/2007
|
Nigeria
|
Gombe
|
1
|
0
|
A
female Christian teacher is attacked and killed by her students, who accused
her of 'desecrating' the Qur'an.
|
|||||||||
7/5/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Kumutu
|
3
|
30
|
Nigerian
'Taliban' attacks Christian villagers, killing at least three.
|
|||||||||
2/24/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Kontagora
|
9
|
27
|
Machete-wielding
Muslims hack nine Christians apart and set fire to four churches.
|
|||||||||
2/24/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Potiskum
|
4
|
12
|
At
least four Christians are clubbed to death by a Muslim mob, and five churches
burned.
|
|||||||||
2/21/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
25
|
100
|
Muslims
mobs take out their rage on Christians in yet a third Nigerian state, killing
at least twenty-five and injuring over one-hundred in a two-day spree.
|
|||||||||
2/20/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
30
|
95
|
An
additional thirty bodies are counted from the Muslim rioting against
Christians over the weekend.
|
|||||||||
2/19/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Borno
|
7
|
24
|
Muslim
mobs target Nigerian Christians in a protest against Danish cartoons. More
churches are burned and seven more are killed.
|
|||||||||
2/18/2006
|
Nigeria
|
Maiduguri
|
21
|
112
|
Angry
Muslim mobs burn churches and beat Christians to death. At least sixteen
people are killed in the violence.
|
|||||||||
10/31/2005
|
Nigeria
|
Niger
Province
|
3
|
13
|
Three
Christians are killed by Muslims in unrest following the carrying out of a
Sharia sentence of amputation against a Christian.
|
|||||||||
4/10/2005
|
Nigeria
|
Benue
|
14
|
4
|
Fourteen
Christians are killed in an attack on their villages by Muslim militants in
the large African nation
|
|||||||||
3/17/2005
|
Nigeria
|
Benue
|
1
|
0
|
Two
Muslim men rape a Christian girl and then poison her.
|
|||||||||
2/4/2005
|
Nigeria
|
Demsa
|
36
|
0
|
.
Militant Muslims attack a Christian village in Nigeria, killing at least
three dozen and displacing some three thousand others.
|
|||||||||
1/27/2005
|
Nigeria
|
Numan
|
1
|
0
|
A
Christian woman is shot to death by Muslim troops in the troubled African
province.
|
|||||||||
12/8/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Bauchi
|
1
|
0
|
Muslim
students at an African university abduct and kill a Christian student.
|
|||||||||
11/23/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Jigawa
|
2
|
10
|
Muslim
extremists attack a group of Christian evangelists. Two people are beaten to
death and at least ten others injured.
|
|||||||||
5/28/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Langtang
|
3
|
0
|
Assault
by armed Muslims leaves three Christians dead and several hundred homeless
after their village is burned.
|
|||||||||
5/21/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Saminaka
|
7
|
0
|
In the
latest of a series of attacks on Christian villagers, seven more are killed
by Nigerian Jihadists as they sought refuge in their homes.
|
|||||||||
5/21/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Jiram
|
15
|
0
|
Fifteen
Christian villagers are massacred by Jihadists.
|
|||||||||
5/19/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Bakin
Ciyawa
|
24
|
0
|
Jihadists
kill twenty-four Christian villagers.
|
|||||||||
5/19/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Sabo
Gida
|
10
|
0
|
Ten
Christian villagers are killed by armed Muslims. An unknown number are
injured by the attackers, who also burned churches and houses.
|
|||||||||
5/18/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Gidan
Sabo
|
18
|
0
|
Muslim
Nigerians kill eighteen Christian villagers - mostly farmers, women and
children.
|
|||||||||
5/12/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
30
|
44
|
Muslim
rampage against Christians continues in Kano with at least another thirty
people losing their lives.
|
|||||||||
5/11/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
11
|
0
|
At
least eleven Christians are burned to death by a Muslim mob that also sets
two churches on fire.
|
|||||||||
4/11/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Rwang
Doka and Jenkur
|
3
|
0
|
Muslim
militia attacks two Christian villages and kills three people, in addition to
burning homes.
|
|||||||||
2/25/2004
|
Nigeria
|
Yelwa
|
49
|
0
|
Forty-nine
members of a farming community are slaughtered by Muslim Fulanis after taking
refuge in a local church. Most of the Christians were brutally hacked to
death. The number of injured is unknown.
|
|||||||||
6/8/2003
|
Nigeria
|
Numan
|
1
|
0
|
Female
Christian pastor stabbed to death by a radical Muslim as she was returning
home from work (2003).
|
|||||||||
4/22/2003
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
7
|
0
|
Muslims
set fire to a house, killing a Christian pastor and six other members of his
family, including his wife and three children.
|
|||||||||
3/18/2003
|
Nigeria
|
Kadarko
|
22
|
44
|
Armed
Muslims shouting "we are going to finish off the infidels" attack a
Christian village and kill at least 22 villagers. More than forty-four others
were injured or missing.
|
|||||||||
12/12/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Rim
|
13
|
0
|
Muslim
nomads attack a Christian village and kill thirteen people including a
clergyman and his family.
|
|||||||||
11/22/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Kaduna
|
216
|
521
|
A
Muslim mob, angered by an insult to Muhammad, burns 58 Christian churches and
rampages through the streets stabbing, bludgeoning and burning over two
hundred people to death.
|
|||||||||
10/31/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Zaria
|
20
|
51
|
Muslims
go on a rampage against Christian students at a local college, killing twenty
and injuring over fifty.
|
|||||||||
10/24/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Fajul
|
40
|
48
|
At
least forty Christians are killed by a Muslim mob of several thousand, who
also rape women and burn churches.
|
|||||||||
6/6/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Katsina
|
1
|
0
|
A
Muslim mob clubs a Christian police officer to death after a cleric makes
false charges that he trampled a Qur'an.
|
|||||||||
3/7/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Enugu
|
12
|
0
|
Muslim
gunmen storm a Christian prayer meeting attempting to kill the leader. Twelve
are killed, an unknown number injured.
|
|||||||||
2/27/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Ilorin
|
3
|
0
|
Eid-el-Kabir
celebrants kill three Christians.
|
|||||||||
2/24/2002
|
Nigeria
|
Gombi
|
1
|
0
|
A young
Christian woman is kidnapped by four Muslim men, who slit her throat and
leave her to die.
|
|||||||||
12/30/2001
|
Nigeria
|
Vwang
|
5
|
0
|
Armed
Muslims attack Christian community, kill five and destroy much of the town.
|
|||||||||
10/15/2001
|
Nigeria
|
Kano
|
32
|
51
|
Scores
of Christians are killed by Muslim mobs. Dozens of others are injured and at
least five churches are burned down.
|
|||||||||